摘要
Since the emergence of Covid-19 in Indonesia in early 2020, access to public spaces such as malls and museums has been limited. An alternative place to spend leisure time is an open area such as city parks, gardens, and squares (in Javanese, this is called Alun-alun). The proximity between open spaces and public stopping points can encourage commuters to benefit from integrated city planning. This study aims to conduct comparative research related to suburban infrastructure in the cities of Bekasi and Depok. This study uses mixed research methods with SPSS v26.0 and Arcmap v10.5.1 software to see the distribution of open space locations chosen by commuters who live in Depok and Bekasi and work in the JABODETABEK area. The results indicated that the open spaces selected by suburban commuters are still not integrated with public transportation points, especially in Depok City. From the descriptive statistical analysis, the mode choice preference (X4) shows that private vehicles are still the dominant transportation choice for travelling to open spaces. The findings of this study can be considered in urban design policies related to determining the location of open spaces supported by their proximity to public transport points to promote behaviour change for healthier lifestyles. © 2023 Author(s).
摘要
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign has progressed worldwide. Rare but severe adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination such as anaphylaxis and myocarditis have begun to be noticed. Of note, several cases of new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination have been reported. In contrast, relapse of AAV in remission has not been recognized enough as an adverse outcome of COVID-19 vaccination. We report, to the best of our knowledge, a first case of renal-limited AAV in remission using every 6-month rituximab administration that relapsed with pulmonary hemorrhage, but not glomerulonephritis, following the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Notably, the patient received the COVID-19 vaccine more than 6 months after the last dose of rituximab according to the recommendations. Ironically, his CD19 positive B cell counts were found to be increased after admission, indicating that our case might have been prone to relapse after COVID-19 vaccination. Although our case cannot establish causality between AAV relapse and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, a clinical vigilance for relapse of AAV especially in patients undergoing rituximab maintenance therapy following COVID-19 vaccination should be maintained. Furthermore, the elapsed time between rituximab administration and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination should be carefully adjusted based on AAV disease-activity (Nishioka et al. Front Med 2022. in press).
摘要
Background/Purpose: Numerous case reports have referred to new onset or flare of SLE after SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines. Several observational studies showed that the short-term flare rate of SLE after SARS-CoV2 vaccination is low. However, no well-controlled clinical surveys are currently available, and the medium-term impact of SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines against the flare of SLE is still unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the association between vaccination and medium-term subjective and objective disease activities of SLE and flares by using matched-pair methods. Method(s): One hundred-fifty SLE patients from the Kyoto Lupus Cohort were included. Patients who received two doses of SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines were 1:1 matched with unvaccinated patients based on the first vaccination date. The outcome measures were the SLEDAI, the Japanese version of the SLE symptom checklist questionnaire (SSC-J), and the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI flare index 30, 60, and 90 days after vaccination. Result(s): SLEDAI 30, 60 and 90 days after the second vaccination was not significantly different in SLE patients vaccinated and unvaccinated with SARS-CoV2 vaccines using a mixed-effects model (adjusted estimate [95% CI]: 30 days: -0.46 [-1.48-0.56], P = 0.39;60 days: 0.38 [-0.64-1.40], P = 0.47;90 days: 0.40 [-0.54-1.34], P = 0.41). The similar results were observed in SSC-J score (adjusted estimate [95% CI], 30 days: 0.05 [-1.46-1.56], P = 0.95;60 days: -0.63 [-2.08-0.82], P = 0.40;90 days: 0.27 [-1.04-1.58], P = 0.69) and flare index (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 30 days: 0.81 [0.36-1.85], P = 0.62;60 days: 1.13 [0.50-2.54], P = 0.77;90 days: 0.85 [0.32-2.26], P = 0.74). Restricting the patients with high disease activity at baseline (SLEDAI > 10), SLEDAI and SSC-J scores did not differ between the two groups (SLEDAI: adjusted estimate [95% CI], 30 days: -0.95 [-3.13-1.23], P = 0.40;60 days: 0.50 [-2.32-3.32], 0.73;90 days: 1.22 [-1.31-3.75], P = 0.35;SSC-J: adjusted estimate [95% CI], 30 days: 0.74 [-1.63-3.11], P = 0.55;60 days: -0.61 [-3.06-1.84], P = 0.63;90 days: -0.81 [-4.28-2.66], P = 0.65). Conclusion(s): SARS-CoV2 vaccination did not significantly influence the medium-term subjective and objective disease activities or flares of SLE until 90 days after the second vaccination. Even in patients with high disease activities, vaccination was not associated with increased disease activity.
摘要
Stay-at-home restrictions in several countries to prevent any further transmission of the COVID-19 virus during the pandemic have exogenously encouraged many workers and companies to adopt telework. This study discusses the relationship between teleworking and childcare participation, taking the housing environment into consideration by utilizing data from the Japan Household Panel Survey and its supplementary modules on COVID-19, which were conducted in 2020. After controlling for individual and household attributes, region, and housing characteristics, we find that regular employed male teleworkers living in owner-occupied detached housing increase the ratio of childcare time to work time by 31.6 percentage points than workers living in other housing arrangements during the pandemic. Regular employed female teleworkers increase the same ratio by 125.7 percentage points in September when regular schooling resumed. This suggests that sufficient space and housing ownership may have a substantial effect on time devoted for childcare by teleworkers. © 2022, Global Social Science Institute. All rights reserved.
摘要
This paper describes a method to monitor lung disorders such as the sequelae of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) and asthma. A battery-less spirometer sensor element used in microphone-equipped devices such as smartphones was adopted. A vortex whistle was employed to measure the blowing flow rate and pressure. The physical characteristics of the vortex whistle sound frequency, blowing flow rate, blowing pressure, and sound pressure were theoretically clarified. Moreover, the structural conditions necessary to ensure a high performance of the whistle were experimentally derived, and the theoretically derived characteristics were experimentally validated using an actual whistle. The experimental results and theoretically derived characteristics were in agreement, and the sound frequency was noted to be linearly proportional to the flow rate. Furthermore, the sound pressure increased to +40 dB / decade as the frequency increased, and the outlet pressure was proportional to the square of the frequency. On the basis of these results, the signal processing conditions to acquire the information pertaining to the spirometer from the vortex sound were clarified. IEEE
摘要
Several small island developing states (SIDS) in the Pacific managed to avoid the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing measures to ensure national isolation. Primarily due to being ordered to leave by their respective organizations, e.g., overseas development administration (ODA) in the developed world, many highly skilled migrant workers left these countries. This sudden exodus of highly skilled foreigners created a number of problems in these countries;for example, schools suffered from teacher staffing shortages and hospitals had reduced capacity to offer medical services due to the paucity of nurses and doctors. This study aims to examine the situations in the Federated State of Micronesia (FSM), Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), where many foreign workers have left their duty stations to return home under COVID-19, to elicit lessons learned and possible ways and means to alleviate the observed problems. To this end, literature surveys and interviews were conducted with informants. Results indicated that developing and maintaining a remote work environment is a promising method to fill the gaps caused by the sudden absence of foreign workers in management posts, even under non-emergency situation. This is because in the case that highly skilled migrant workers are forced to vacate their duty stations suddenly, immediately hiring replacements is often not possible. Promoting distance education also proved effective for COVID-19-free nations such as the FSM, Palau, and the RMI, not only during emergencies, but also during normal times. Similarly, the daily use of telemedicine is likely to be effective in coping with emergencies, as shown in the case of FSM’s Pohnpei State Hospital. We found both distance education and telemedicine to be effective measures to address the sudden departure of highly skilled migrant workers in the fields of education and medical services. Moreover, other forms of remote work should prove useful in other sectors such as industry and administration. These systems should be progressively developed during non-emergency times and integrated into the daily operations of relevant sectors. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd. Creative Commons CC BY-ND: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/).
摘要
Objective: The objectives of this study were to measure the global impact of the pandemic on the volumes for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with two control 4-month periods. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread repercussions on the delivery of health care worldwide. Design/Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by ICD-10 codes and/or classifications in stroke center databases. Results: There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95%CI,-11.7 to-11.3, p<0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95%CI,-13.8 to-12.7, p<0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95%CI,-13.7 to-10.3, p=0.001). There were greater declines in primary compared to comprehensive stroke centers (CSC) for stroke hospitalizations (-17.3% vs-10.3%, p<0.0001) and IVT (-15.5% vs-12.6%, p=0.0001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95%CI 9.2-9.8, p<0.0001) was noted over the two later (May, June) versus the two earlier (March, April) months of the pandemic, with greater recovery in hospitals with lower COVID-19 hospitalization volume, high volume stroke center, and CSC. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months, with greater recovery in hospitals with lower COVID-19 hospitalizations, high volume stroke centers, and CSCs.